Pope Celestine III (1191-98) was one of the most influential and important figures in the history of the Catholic Church. He was the first pope to be elected by a majority of the cardinals, and he was the first pope to be elected by a two-thirds majority. He was also the first pope to be elected by a majority of the cardinals from outside of Rome.
Celestine III was born in Rome in 1130 and was the son of a Roman nobleman. He was educated in the Roman Catholic Church and was ordained a priest in 1160. He was appointed cardinal-deacon of Santa Maria in Cosmedin in 1182 and was made cardinal-bishop of Palestrina in 1188. He was elected pope in 1191, succeeding Pope Clement III.
Celestine III was a strong advocate of papal authority and was determined to restore the power of the papacy. He was a firm believer in the supremacy of the papacy and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers. He was also a strong supporter of the Crusades and was determined to protect the Holy Land from Muslim rule.
Celestine III was a strong supporter of the papal monarchy and was determined to strengthen the power of the papacy. He was a strong advocate of papal infallibility and was determined to protect the Church from the interference of secular rulers