Chester Alan Arthur was the 21st President of the United States, serving from 1881 to 1885. He was born in Fairfield, Vermont on October 5, 1829, to William and Malvina Arthur. His father was a Baptist minister and his mother was a teacher. Arthur was the fifth of eight children. He attended Union College in Schenectady, New York, graduating in 1848. After college, he studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1854.
Arthur began his political career as a Republican in New York City. He was appointed Collector of the Port of New York in 1871, a position he held until 1878. During his tenure, he was known for his honesty and efficiency. He was also a strong advocate for civil service reform.
In 1880, Arthur was chosen as the Vice Presidential candidate on the Republican ticket with James A. Garfield. After Garfield's assassination in 1881, Arthur became President. He was the first President to take the oath of office in the White House.
During his presidency, Arthur was known for his commitment to civil service reform. He signed the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act in 1883, which established a merit-based system for federal government jobs. He also signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States.
Arthur was also a strong advocate for the rights of African Americans. He supported the Fifteenth Amendment, which granted African Americans the right to vote. He also appointed Frederick Douglass as the first African American to serve in a presidential cabinet.
Arthur was a strong supporter of the Navy and the Army. He increased the size of the Navy and authorized the construction of several new ships. He also increased the size of the Army and authorized the construction of several new forts.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of Native Americans. He signed the Indian Appropriations Act of 1883, which granted Native Americans the right to vote in certain states. He also signed the Dawes Act, which allowed Native Americans to own land.
Arthur was a strong supporter of the arts and sciences. He established the National Academy of Sciences and the National Institute of Arts and Letters. He also signed the National Museum Act, which established the Smithsonian Institution.
Arthur was a strong advocate for education. He signed the Morrill Act, which established land-grant colleges. He also signed the Education Act of 1885, which provided federal funding for public schools.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of women. He signed the Married Women's Property Act, which granted married women the right to own property. He also signed the Married Women's Rights Act, which granted married women the right to sue in court.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of workers. He signed the Eight-Hour Workday Act, which limited the workday to eight hours. He also signed the Factory Inspection Act, which established safety standards for factories.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of immigrants. He signed the Immigration Act of 1882, which allowed immigrants to become naturalized citizens. He also signed the Chinese Exclusion Act, which prohibited Chinese immigration to the United States.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of the disabled. He signed the Civil Rights of the Disabled Act, which granted disabled persons the right to vote. He also signed the Civil Rights of the Blind Act, which granted blind persons the right to vote.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of the elderly. He signed the Old Age Pension Act, which provided pensions for elderly persons. He also signed the Social Security Act, which provided benefits for the elderly.
Arthur was a strong advocate for the rights of the poor. He signed the Social Welfare Act, which provided assistance to the poor. He also signed the Public Health Act, which established public health standards.
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